Kontaminasi Bakteri Escherichia Coli pada Botol Susu dengan Kejadian Diare pada Bayi

Penderita diare di Kota Makassar setiap tahunnya masih diatas 29.000 kasus dalam kurun waktu tiga tahun terakhir. Bayi dan Balita menjadi kelompok yang rentan terkena diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kontaminasi bakteri Escherichia coli (E. coli) pada botol susu dengan kejadian diare pada bayi di Kelurahan Pannampu Kecamatan Tallo Kota Makassar tahun 2013. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional study. Populasi adalah seluruh bayi yang bertempat tinggal di Kelurahan Pannampu. Sampel adalah bayi yang memakai botol susu yang dipilih menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling sebanyak 98 bayi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan E. coli pada botol (p=0,000), pencucian (p=0,000), penyediaan air bersih (p=0,000), dan kebiasaan cuci tangan pakai sabun (p=0,001) dengan kejadian diare, sedangkan tempat penyimpanan (p=0,442) dan menyiapkan botol susu (p=0,697) tidak ada hubungan dengan kejadian diare. Kesimpulan dari penelitian bahwa ada hubungan E.coli pada botol susu, pencucian, penyediaan air bersih, dan kebiasaan cuci tangan pakai sabun dengan kejadian diare pada bayi di Kelurahan Pannampu tahun 2013.Kata kunci : Diare, Escherichia Coli, botol susu, bay

Analisis Cemaran Bakteri Coliform Dan Identifikasi Escherichia Coli Pada Air Isi Ulang Dari Depot Di Kota Manado

Water is a basic needs for human life, but potable water is getting hard to find. The high rates of environmental pollution affecting the availability of clean water. This study aims to analyze the bacterial contamination in drinking water refill from the depots with random sampling method from nine districts in the city of Manado. This research included the examination of Total Plate Count (TPC), examination of Coliform bacteria, and identification of Escherichia coli. The results of this study indicate that the all nine samples tested drinking water contained microbial contamination ranging from 1.6 x 103 to 2.9 x 104 colonies/mL. All samples contained coliform bacteria that do not qualify according to the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010 which states 0 APM/100 mL sample. On the identification of Escherichia coli, first sample and ninth sample does not contain the bacteria Escherichia coli. While the other samples contained the bacterium Escherichia coli that do not qualify according to the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010 are stated that in 100 mL of drinking water should not be contained of bacterium Escherichia coli

The Effect of Environmental Factors on Microbial Growth

Chemical factors that have inhibition based on the results of this practicum are Tetracycline and formalin. In this experiment, no type of liquid bath soap was found that inhibited the growth of E. coli. This can occur because of an error in the experimental procedure. Escherichia coli bacteria can grow optimally in the temperature range of 30 ° C. Formalin has a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria, as well as Tetracycline antibiotics which can inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria

Inhibition of Escherichia Coli O157:h7 Contamination on Chicken Meat by Natural Vinegar Prepared From Banana Peel and Coconut Water

The use of vinegar as a natural preservative to inactivate microbial growth in meat was investigated. Vinegar was prepared from banana peel and coconut water, and the efficacy against Escherichia coli O157:H7 was tested. Chicken meat were treated with vinegar solution (equals to 1% acetic acid), acetic acid solutions (1%), and lactic acid solutions (2%), control (distilled water). Samples were soaked with acid solution treatment for 1 minute (1.125:1 w/v; chicken meat: solution treatment). Treated samples were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 on the surface of the chicken meat, then left for 20 minutes for absorption of bacteria into the meat. Observation was done at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days at low temperature storage, and at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 hours at room temperature storage. The results showed that banana peel vinegar and coconut water vinegar were effective as natural preservative. In conclusion, the vinegar were potentially inhibited E. coli O157:H7 growth at chicken meat until 12 hours at room temperature storage and 9 days at cold temperatures

The long polar fimbriae (lpf) operon and its flanking regions in bovine Escherichia coli O157:H43 and STEC O136:H12 strains

Long polar fimbriae (Lpf) are intestinal adhesins and important virulence factors of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. We cloned and sequenced the lpf2-1 operon (lpf2ABCD) and its flanking regions of an intimin- and Shiga toxin-negative E. coli O157:H43 strain from bovine origin, and also sequenced the lpf2-1 operon of 6 additional atypical O157 bovine Escherichia coli strains of various serotypes Nucleotide sequence comparison of these lpf operons showed sequence conservation as they contain only four polymorphic nucleotide positions. Investigation of these O157 strains as well as 13 Escherichia coli Reference Collection (ECOR) strains carrying the lpf2-1 allele revealed high degree of sequence conservation in the lpf2 flanking regions. The lpf2-1 allele is also present in a bovine Shiga toxin-producing E. coli STEC O136:H12 strain and in vitro adherence assays revealed that the absence of lpf2-1 in this strain did not affect its host cell-binding properties. Our data indicate that lpf2 loci is highly conserved in E. coli isolates, but its role in adherence might be masked by other uncharacterized adhesins

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli with particular attention to the German outbreak strain O104:H4

This review deals with the epidemiology and ecology of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), a subset of the verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC), and subsequently discusses its public health concern. Attention is also given to the outbreak strain O104:H4, which has been isolated as causative agent of the second largest outbreak of the hemolytic uremic syndrome worldwide, which started in Germany in May 2011. This outbreak strain is not an EHEC as such but possesses an unusual combination of EHEC and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) virulence properties

Comparison of Escherichia Coli Concentration Between Bengkalis Coastal Waters and Estuary Bantan Tengah River

Bengkalis coastal waters and estuary Bantan Tengah River have been evaluated for bacteriological pollution level from November 2000 to April 2001. The objective was to compare Escherichia coli concentration as an indicator organism in the two ecosystems. The results indicated that E. coli concentration was higher in Bengkalis coastal waters than at estuary Bantan Tengah River, either at spring or at ebb tides. E. coli concentration, in Bengkalis coastal waters was higher at spring tide (993 cfu/100 ml) than that at ebb tide (775 cfu/100 ml). On the contrary, the E. coli concentration in estuary Bantan Tengah River was higher at ebb tide (247 cfu/100 ml) than at spring tide (22 cfu/100 ml)

Pemeriksaan Escherichia Coli Pada Air Bak Wudhlu 10 Masjid Di Kecamatan Tlogosari Semarang

Water tanks for wudhlu at the mosque in Tlogosari Semarang, comes from wells, rarely drained through pipes and used without a shower or faucet. Ablution basin water users, directly dipping the body into the tuband rinse with water from the tub ablution.Escherichia coli was the coliform group bacteria, which are used for indicators of water pollution by the stool, because the bacteria are normal flora of the colon, where stool in the process. Thus if the germs get onthe water, means water contaminated by stool. E. coli can cause diarrhea in its host, if high population immunity and depressed conditions.Based on the above, it is necessary to study the bacteriology of water washing basin, which aim to know the germ E. coli in it, so it can be given information about sanitation and the provision of proper ablutionwater for the community.When the study began in March 2008 to complete. Place of research conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Muhammadiyah Semarang, Jl. Wonodri Sendang No. 2A Semarang.Samples were taken in total population at l0 mosques, on 10, 15 and March 20,2008, using a sterile bottle brown, henceforth conducted l00x dilution, were cultured in media Mac Concey (370C incubation, for 24hours, gram staining, biochemical tests, and repeat 2 timesExamination results show that in all there ablution basin E. coli and the population of most meetings occur at the mosque 2, 5 and 6 because of the distance ablution basin less than 2 feet from the septic tank. Insamples from the mosque 3 and 9 populations of E. coli meetings, because the distance was only 5 feet from septic tanks. Besides E. coli bacteria there are also other means such as Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp, Citrobacter and Proteus vulgaris diwersus ablution basin Distance from septic tanks that are too close to allow the bacteria contamination stool into the washing tub through the water that seeps into the groun

Increasing recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli K12 by increasing the biomass yield of the host cell

For more than three decades micro-organisms have been employed as hosts for recombinant protein production, with the most popular organisms being Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1). One of the crucial factors to obtain high product yields in recombinant protein bioprocesses is the biomass yield of the host cell. High biomass yields not only result in less carbon loss and higher conversion to recombinant protein due to a potential higher drain of precursors, but are also accompanied by lower conversion to growth inhibiting byproducts, such as acetate (2). Furthermore, acidic byproducts hinder the expression of heterologous proteins (3) and consequently decrease protein yield in a direct and indirect manner. Many strategies have been tested to decrease the amount of acetate produced, including optimal feeding, choice of other carbon sources and metabolic engineering (4). Fed-batch and continuous feeding strategies result in low residual glucose concentrations and minimize overflow metabolism (’Crabtree effect’) (5; 6). Aristidou and coworkers improved biomass yield and protein production by using fructose as a primary carbon source without greatly affecting the fermentation cost (7). A third strategy is to alter the genetic machinery. Knocking out genes that code for acetate producing pathways, i.e. acetate kinase-phosphate acetyltransferase (ackA-pta) and pyruvate oxidase (poxB ) decrease acetate yield dramatically, but at the expense of lactate and pyruvate (8). The objective of this study was to focus on the combined effect of a global and a local regulator to increase biomass yield and hence recombinant protein production using GFP as a biomarker. Deletion of arcA reduces the repression on expression of TCA cycle genes (9) while deletion of iclR removes the repression on the aceBAK operon and opens the glyoxylate pathway (10; 11) in aerobic batch cultivations. This metabolic engineering approach simultaneously decreased the acetate yield with 70% and increased the biomass yield of the host cell with 50%. Due to a lower carbon loss and a lower inhibition of protein production by acetate, the GFP production of the ∆arcA∆iclR double knockout strain increased with 100% as opposed to the wild type E. coli K12. Further deletion of genes lon and ompT encoding for non-specific proteases even further increases GFP-production (3 times the wild type value). The effect of a deletion of arcA and iclR was also evaluated in a E. coli BL21 genetic background. However in this industrial strain the deletion had no effect on protein production. References [1] Ferrer-Miralles N, Domingo-Esp ́ J, Corchero JL, V ́zquez E, Villaverde A: Microbial factories for recombinant pharmaceuticals. Microb Cell Fact 2009, 8:17 [2] El-Mansi EM, Holms WH: Control of carbon flux to acetate excretion during growth of Escherichia coli in batch and continuous cultures. J Gen Microbiol 1989, 135(11):2875–2883. [3] Jensen EB, Carlsen S: Production of recombinant human growth hormone in Escherichia coli: expression of different precursors and physiological effects of glucose, acetate, and salts. Biotechnol Bioeng 1990, 36:1–11 [4] De Mey M, Maeseneire SD, Soetaert W, Vandamme E: Minimizing acetate formation in E. coli fermentations. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2007, 34:689–700. [5] Babaeipour V, Shojaosadati SA, Khalilzadeh R, Maghsoudi N, Tabandeh F: A proposed feeding strategy for the overproduction of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2008, 49(Pt 2):141–147. [6] San KY, Bennett GN, Aristidou AA, Chou CH: Strategies in high-level expression of recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994, 721:257–267. [7] Aristidou AA, San KY, Bennett GN: Improvement of biomass yield and recombinant gene expression in Escherichia coli by using fructose as the primary carbon source. Biotechnol Prog 1999, 15:140–145. [8] De Mey M, Lequeux GJ, Beauprez JJ, Maertens J, Horen EV, Soetaert WK, Vanrolleghem PA, Vandamme EJ: Comparison of different strategies to reduce acetate formation in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Prog 2007. [9] Perrenoud A, Sauer U: Impact of global transcriptional regulation by ArcA, ArcB, Cra,Crp, Cya, Fnr, and Mlc on glucose catabolism in Escherichia coli . J. Bacteriol. 2005, 187:3171–3179. [10] van de Walle M, Shiloach J: Proposed mechanism of acetate accumulation in two recombinant Escherichia coli strains during high density fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 1998, 57:71–78. [11] Maharjan RP, Yu PL, Seeto S, Ferenci T: The role of isocitrate lyase and the glyoxylate cycle in Escherichia coli growing under glucose limitation. Res Microbiol 2005, 156(2):178–183